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Summary#	47732
Topic:	Low Vitamin B6 Status Linked to Increased Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Keywords:	CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS - Vitamin B6, B Vitamins
Reference:	"Association of vitamin B-6 status with inflammation, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammatory conditions: the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study," Shen J, Lai CQ, et al, Am J Clin Nutr, 2010, 91(2): 337-42. (Address: J. Shen, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111-1524, USA. E-mail: jian.shen@tufts.edu ).
Summary:	In a cross-sectional study involving 1205 subjects between the ages of 45 and 75 years, a strong dose-response relationship was found between plasma PLP (pyridoxal-5'-phosphate) and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP). As PLP increased, CRP decreased, as did urinary 8-OHdG concentration. Plasma PLP was associated with plasma fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and HOMA of beta cell function. In addition, low plasma PLP concentrations were linked to metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes. The authors conclude, "Low vitamin B-6 concentrations are associated with inflammation, higher oxidative stress, and metabolic conditions in older Puerto Rican adults. Our data suggest that vitamin B-6 may influence cardiovascular disease risk through mechanisms other than homocysteine and support the notion that nutritional status may influence the health disparities present in this population."

Summary#	47724
Topic:	Vitamin D Status May Be Inversely Associated With Risk of Colorectal Cancer
Keywords:	COLORECTAL CANCER - Vitamin D, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
Reference:	"Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of colorectal cancer: the multiethnic cohort study," Woolcott CG, Le Marchand L, et al, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2010; 19(1): 130-4. (Address: Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, 1236 Lauhala Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. E-mail: cwoolcott@crch.hawaii.edu ).
Summary:	In a case-control study involving 229 cases of colorectal cancer and 434 matched-controls, results indicate an inverse association between vitamin D status and risk of colorectal cancer. Using conditional logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders, higher quintiles of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were associated with a 32% reduced risk of colorectal cancer. Thus, the authors conclude, "In summary, this study provides evidence of an association between vitamin D status and reduced risk of colorectal cancer in an ethnically diverse population."

Summary#	47734
Topic:	Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Telomeric Aging in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Keywords:	CORONARY HEART DISEASE - Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Marine, Fish Oil, EPA, DHA, Essential Fatty Acids
Reference:	"Association of marine omega-3 fatty acid levels with telomeric aging in patients with coronary heart disease," Farzaneh-Far R, Lin J, et al, JAMA, 2010; 303(3): 250-7. (Address: Division of Cardiology, Room 5G1, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. E-mail: rfarzanehfar@medicine.ucsf.edu ).
Summary:	In a prospective cohort study involving 608 ambulatory outpatients in California with stable coronary artery disease, an inverse relationship was observed between baseline omega-3 fatty acid levels (DHA and EPA) and rate of telomere shortening, over a 5 year period. Subjects in the lowest quartile of DHA + EPA were found to experience the fastest rate of telomere shortening, as compared to those in the highest quartile of DHA + EPA, who experienced the slowest rate of telomere shortening. For every 1 standard deviation increase in DHA+EPA levels, the odds of telomere shortening reduced by 32% (adjusted OR=0.68). The authors conclude, "Among this cohort of patients with coronary artery disease, there was an inverse relationship between baseline blood levels of marine omega-3 fatty acids and the rate of telomere shortening over 5 years."

Summary#	47731
Topic:	Folate Deficiency May Be Linked to Depressive Symptoms in Men
Keywords:	DEPRESSION, UNIPOLAR DEPRESSION - Folate, Folic Acid, Deficiency
Reference:	"The sex-specific role of plasma folate in mediating the association of dietary quality with depressive symptoms," Beydoun MA, Fanelli K MT, et al, J Nutr, 2010; 140(2): 338-47. (Address: National Institute on Aging, NIH/Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. E-mail: baydounm@mail.nih.gov ).
Summary:	In a cross-sectional, population-based study involving 1,681 subjects between the ages of 30 and 64 years, men consuming more folate were found to have a reduced odds of experiencing depression. Subjects were administered the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D). Subjects in the middle and uppermost tertile of plasma folate were found to have a 39-40% reduced odds of elevated CES-D (> or = 16) in women. However, results of the Health Eating Index (HEI total) was found to confound this association in women and men. According to structural equation modeling, plasma folate was found to completely mediate the inverse HEI(total)-CES-D association in men, particularly for higher intakes of fruits, total vegetables, total grains, whole grains, milk and lower discretionary energy. The authors conclude, "Depressive symptoms in our study may be alleviated by improving overall dietary quality, with plasma folate playing a potential mediating role only a mong men."

Summary#	47733
Topic:	Mediterranean Diet May Reduce the Risk of Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Keywords:	GASTRIC CARCINOMA, CANCER - Mediterranean Diet
Reference:	"Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort study," Buckland G, Agudo A, et al, Am J Clin Nutr, 2010; 91(2): 381-90. (Address: CA Gonzalez, Unit of Nutrition Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: cagonzalez@iconcologia.net ).
Summary:	In a study involving 485,044 subjects (144,577 men) between the ages of 35 and 70 years, high adherence to a relative Mediterranean dietary pattern (rMED) was found to be associated with a significant reduction in gastric carcinoma risk. Over the course of an 8.9 year follow-up, 449 cases of GC were found. Specifically, a one-unit increase in the rMED (relative Mediterranean diet pattern) was associated with a 5% reduced risk of gastric carcinoma. The authors conclude, "Greater adherence to an rMED is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of incident GC."

Summary#	47730
Topic:	Hibiscus Tea May Reduce Blood Pressure
Keywords:	HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE - Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. Tea, Herbal Medicine, Botanical Medicine
Reference:	"Hibiscus sabdariffa L. tea (tisane) lowers blood pressure in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults," McKay DL, Chen CY, et al, J Nutr, 2010; 140(2): 298-303. (Address: Antioxidants Research Laboratory; Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. E-mail: diane.mckay@tufts.edu ).
Summary:	In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial involving 65 pre- and mildly hypertensive adults between the ages of 30 and 70 years who were not on blood pressure-lowering medication, supplementation with hibiscus tea (240 mL servings, 3 times/day) for a period of 6 weeks was found to significantly reduce systolic BP (-7.2 vs -1.3 mm Hg). Diastolic BP was reduced as well, though less significantly (-3.1 vs. -0.5 mm Hg), and arterial pressure reduced as well (-4.5 vs. 0.08 mm Hg), as compared to placebo. Subjects with higher systolic BP at baseline were found to have a greater response to hibiscus treatment. The authors conclude, "These results suggest daily consumption of hibiscus tea, in an amount readily incorporated into the diet, lowers BP in pre- and mildly hypertensive adults and may prove an effective component of the dietary changes recommended for people with these conditions."

Summary#	47729
Topic:	Effects of Quercetin on Blood Pressure and Lipid Metabolism: Role of Genotype
Keywords:	HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, INFLAMMATION, METABOLIC SYNDROME, OBESITY, OVERWEIGHT - Quercetin
Reference:	"Serum lipid and blood pressure responses to quercetin vary in overweight patients by apolipoprotein E genotype," Egert S, Boesch-Saadatmandi C, et al, J Nutr, 2010, 140(12): 278-84. (Address: Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany. E-mail: mmueller@nutrfoodsc.uni-kiel.de ).
Summary:	In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study involving 93 overweight-obese subjects between the ages of 25 and 65 years of age with symptoms of the metabolic syndrome, supplementation with 150 mg/d quercetin was found to decrease systolic blood pressure by 3.4 mm Hg in subjects with the apolipoprotein (apo) E3 group, while no such effect was found among subjects in the apo E4 group. In addition, quercetin was associated with decreases in serum HDL cholesterol and apoA1, and increases in the LDL:HDL ration in the apo E4 subgroup, while no such change was found in the apo E3 subgroup. In both the apo E3 and E4 groups, quercetin significantly decreased plasma oxidized LDL and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The authors conclude, "...quercetin exhibited blood pressure-lowering effects in overweight-obese carriers of the apo epsilon3/epsilon3 genotype but not in carriers of the epsilon4 allele. Furthermore, quercetin supplementation resulted in a reduct ion in HDL cholesterol and apoA1 in apo epsilon4 carriers."

Summary#	47722
Topic:	Vitamin D Supplementation May Benefit HIV Positive Men
Keywords:	HIV, VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY, HYPOVITAMINOSIS D - Vitamin D
Reference:	"Deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in male HIV-positive patients: A descriptive cross-sectional study," Bang UC, Jensen JE, et al, Scand J Infect Dis, 2010 Jan 19; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark. E-mail: ulrichbangbang@gmail.com ).
Summary:	In a cross-sectional study involving 115 HIV-seropositive men, results indicate a significant prevalence of hypovitaminosis D. 36% of the participants showed vitamin D insufficiency (<50 nmol/L), 20% showed vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol/L), and 4% showed severe deficiency (<12.5 nmol/L). The authors conclude, "This study confirms that the prevalence of hypovitaminosis is high among HIV-infected patients."

Summary#	47735
Topic:	Acupuncture May Help Reduce Insomnia
Keywords:	INSOMNIA, SLEEP DISORDER - Acupuncture, Electroacupuncture, Traditional Chinese Medicine
Reference:	"Electroacupuncture treatment of chronic insomniacs," Ruan JW, Wang CH, et al, Chin Med J (Eng), 2009; 122(23): 2869-73. (Address: Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Department of Respiratory Medicine (Yan YS), First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China. Email: ruanjw@163.com ).
Summary:	In a study involving 47 patients with chronic insomnia, four courses of electroacupuncture therapy (a form of acupuncture) were found to be associated with improvements in sleep quality and social function during the daytime. Specifically, increases in slow wave sleep time and REM sleep time were found. One month post-treatment, the insomnia rebound rate was 23%. The authors conclude, "...electroacupuncture therapy could be a promising avenue of treatment for chronic insomnia." Additional research is warranted.

Summary#	47728
Topic:	Vitamin D3 Deficiency Linked to Higher Preoperative PTH Levels and Increased Risk of Late-Onset Hypocalcemia
Keywords:	PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, PARATHYROIDECTOMY - Vitamin D, Vitamin D3, 25(OH)D
Reference:	"Vitamin D(3) Deficiency is Associated with Late-Onset Hypocalcemia After Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy in a Vitamin D Borderline Area," Lang BH, Lo CY, et al, World J Surg, 2010 Jan 7; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China. E-mail: bhhlang@yahoo.com ).
Summary:	In a study involving 80 patients who had undergone minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP), vitamin D3 deficiency was found to be associated with a higher pre-operative PTH level and a greater risk of late-onset hypocalcemia (defined as symptoms developing after 24 hours post-procedure) after the MIP. Of the 80 patients, 45 were found to have 25OHD(3) levels < 20 ng/ml (considered vitamin D deficient). If hypocalcemic symptoms developed, or if Ca levels dropped below 2.00 mmol/l (they were checked at 6, 16 and 24 hours post-procedure), oral supplementation with calcium and vitamin D was provided. Subjects deficient in vitamin D were found to have significantly higher PTH (190 vs. 121 pg/ml), significantly lower Ca at 24 hours post-procedure, and at 1 week post-procedure, a significantly higher proportion of LOH (12 of 42 vs. 3/34). The authors conclude, "Vitamin D(3) deficiency was associated with a higher preoperative PTH level and a greater risk of LOH after MIP. However, the likely cause of LOH remains unclear as both low preoperative vitamin D(3) and high PTH levels could be responsible."

Summary#	47736
Topic:	Vitamin C and Vitamin E May Improve Sleep Quality in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Keywords:	SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA, APNOEA, SLEEPING DISORDER - Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Antioxidants, Oxidative Stres
Reference:	"Oxidative stress and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome," Singh TD, Patial K, et al, Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci, 2009; 51(4): 217-24. (Address: Department of Physiology, V P Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India).
Summary:	In a study involving 20 male patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) who were administered continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for 2 nights, followed by treatment with antioxidants (100 IU BD vitamin C and 400 IU BD vitamin E, for a period of 45 days), CPAP therapy plus the vitamins C and E were found to reduce lipid peroxidation and restore the reduced glutathione concentrations. In addition, after receiving the supplements, OSAS patients had improved sleep, and decreases in sleepiness and anemia. The authors conclude, "Oxidative stress contributes to sleep behaviour in OSAS patients, and anti-oxidant intake improves the quality of sleep in them."

Summary#	47726
Topic:	High Dietary Flavonol Intake May Reduce Risk of Stroke
Keywords:	STROKE - Flavonols
Reference:	"Dietary Flavonol Intake May Lower Stroke Risk in Men and Women," Hollman PC, Kromhout D, et al, J Nutr, 2010 Jan 20; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands).
Summary:	In a meta-analysis of data from 6 cohorts involving 111,067 persons with at least 2155 nonfatal and fatal cases of stroke, results indicate that dietary flavonol intake may reduce risk of stroke. After adjusting for potential confounders, high intake of flavonols was associated with a 20% reduced risk of nonfatal and fatal stroke, compared with low intake. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "flavonols may reduce stroke risk."

Summary#	47723
Topic:	Inverse Association Between Vitamin D Levels And Visceral Adiposity in African-American Men
Keywords:	TYPE 2 DIABETES, ADIPOSITY - Vitamin D
Reference:	"Vitamin D, Adiposity, and Calcified Atherosclerotic Plaque in African-Americans," Freedman BI, Divers J, et al, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2010 Jan 8; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Department of Biology, North Carolina A & T University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA).
Summary:	In a study involving 340 African-American men with type 2 diabetes (mean age=55.6 years), results indicate an inverse association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and visceral adiposity, and a positive association between vitamin D levels and carotid artery CP (calcified atherosclerotic plaque) and aorta CP. The authors of this study conclude, "We confirmed an inverse association between vitamin D and visceral adiposity in African-Americans with diabetes. In addition, positive associations exist between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and aorta and carotid artery CP in African-Americans. The effects of supplementing vitamin D to raise the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level on atherosclerosis in African-Americans are unknown. Prospective trials are needed to determine the cardiovascular effects of supplemental vitamin D in this ethnic group."

Summary#	47725
Topic:	Drinking Cranberry Juice May Prevent Against Urinary Tract Infections
Keywords:	URINARY TRACT INFECTION, UTI - Cranberry Juice
Reference:	"Cranberry juice for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections: a randomized controlled trial in children," Ferrara P, Cataldi L, et al, Scand J Urol Nephrol, 2009; 43(5): 369-72. (Address: Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University, A. Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy. E-mail: pferrara@rm.unicatt.it ).
Summary:	In a randomized, controlled study involving 84 girls aged between 3 and 14 years, results indicate that daily intake of concentrated cranberry juice may significantly reduce the recurrence of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The girls were randomized to 50 mL cranberry juice, 100 mL of Lactobacillus GG or control, 5 days a month, for a period of 6 months. At intervention end, the least number of UTI episodes was observed in the cranberry juice group, compared with the other groups. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "These data suggest that daily consumption of concentrated cranberry juice can significantly prevent the recurrence of symptomatic UTIs in children."

Summary#	47727
Topic:	Active Vitamin D Supplementation May Protect Hemodialysis Patients from Vascular Calcification
Keywords:	VASCULAR CALCIFICATION, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, HEMODIALYSIS - Vitamin D, 25(OH)D, Vitamin D3
Reference:	"Relation of oral 1alpha-hydroxy vitamin D(3) to the progression of aortic arch calcification in hemodialysis patients," Ogawa T, Ishida H, et al, Heart Vessels, 2010, 25(1): 1-6. (Address: Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan. E-mail: togawa@kc.twmu.ac.jp ).
Summary:	In a study involving 65 hemodialysis subjects, vitamin D therapy was found to help protect against the development of vascular calcification. Calcification of the aortic arch was measured in patients (AoACS) at baseline and at 2 years follow-up. Subjects considered to be "nonprogressors" were found to be significantly younger (63 vs 68 years) and were found to have a significantly higher prescribed dose of 1alpha-hydroxy vitamin D3 (125.5 mug vs 84.8 mug), than "progressors." The authors conclude, "Active vitamin D therapy seems to protect patients from developing vascular calcification."

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Topic:

High Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency among Elderly Neurology Patients

Keywords:

AGING, NEUROLOGY - Vitamin B12

Reference:

"An investigation of vitamin B12 deficiency in elderly inpatients in neurology department," Wang YH, Yan F, et al, Neurosci Bull, 2009; 25(4): 209-15. (Address: Department of Neurology, Changzheng hospital, Second Military University, Shanghai 200003, China. E-mail: yhwangch@sina.com ).

Summary:

In a study involving 827 patients over the age of 60 (average age: 77 years) from the department of neurology of Shanghai Punan Hospital in China, of which 19.7% were found to be vitamin B12 deficient (more prevalent in females than males), low levels of serum vitamin B12 were associated with higher rates of gastrointestinal diseases, unsteady walking in the darkness, hypopallesthesia, and chronic diseases such as cerebral ischemia, hypertension, Parkinsonism, diabetes mellitus, and coronary heart disease. Moreover, most of the patients with vitamin B12 deficiency were found to exhibit neuroelectricphysiological abnormalities. Interestingly, only 9.82% of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency were found to have megaloblastic anemia. The authors conclude, "Vitamin B12 deficiency is remarkably common in elderly patients in neurology department, with various and atypical clinical manifestations, and the neurological symptoms are more common than megaloblastic anemia symp toms."

Summary#	47408
Topic:	Coenzyme Q10 Improves Diastolic Function in Children with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Keywords:	CARDIOMYOPATHY, IDIOPATHIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY, CARDIAC FAILURE - Coenzyme Q10, CoQ10
Reference:	"Coenzyme Q10 improves diastolic function in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy," Kocharian A, Shabanian R, et al, Cardiol Young, 2009 Aug 25; 1-6 [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Giv Heidari-Bateni, MD/MPH, General Practitioner, Children's Medical Center, 62 Gharib Street, 14194, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: givhb@yahoo.com ).
Summary:	In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 38 subjects under 18 years of age with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, supplementation with coenzyme Q10 for a period of 6 months was found to significantly improve diastolic function. Moreover, the mean cardiac failure index score was significantly lower among subjects supplemented with coenzyme Q10, as compared to controls. The authors conclude, ".administration of coenzyme Q10 is useful in ameliorating cardiac failure in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy through its significant effect on improving diastolic function."

Summary#	47418
Topic:	DHA-Supplemented Orange Juice May Increase Plasma DHA in Children
Keywords:	CHILDREN, NUTRITIONAL STATUS - Docosahexaenoic Acid, DHA, Orange Juice, Algal DHA
Reference:	"Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation of orange juice increases plasma phospholipid DHA content of children," Hawthorne KM, Heird WC, et al, J Am Diet Assoc, 2009; 109(4): 708-12. (Address: Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates #7074, Houston, TX 77030, USA. E-mail: kelih@bcm.edu ).
Summary:	In a study involving healthy 4-6 year old and 7-12 year old children, results indicate that orange juice supplemented with algal DHA may increase plasma phospholipid DHA content. The children were randomized to consume 180 mL orange juice containing either 50 mg (lower dose) or 100 mg (higher dose) DHA daily for 6 weeks. At baseline, plasma phospholipid DHA content in participants was found to be lower than that observed in healthy breastfed infants. At intervention end, plasma phospholipid DHA content significantly increased in both dose groups, but more so in the higher dose group where plasma phospholipid DHA content levels were similar to or greater than that in healthy breastfed infants. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "DHA supplementation of juice at either 50 mg/day or 100 mg/day for 6 weeks was effective in increasing plasma phospholipid DHA contents of children."

Summary#	47407
Topic:	Omega-3 Fatty Acids Reduce Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Triglycerides in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Keywords:	CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE - Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Coenzyme Q10
Reference:	"The effects of [omega]3 fatty acids and coenzyme Q10 on blood pressure and heart rate in chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial" Mori TA, Burke V, et al, J Hypertens, 2009; 27(9): 1863-72. (Address: University of Western Australia and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia. E-mail: trevor.mori@uwa.edu.au ).
Summary:	In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 74 patients with chronic kidney disease, supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (4 g/d) was found to reduce blood pressure (-3.3 and -2.9 mm Hg), 24-hour heart rate (-4.0 bpm), and triglycerides (-24%), over a period of 8 weeks. These results suggest that nondiabetic patients with moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease, who as a group are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, may benefit from supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids.

Summary#	47410
Topic:	Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Keywords:	CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE - Vitamin B12
Reference:	"Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with coronary artery disease in an Indian population," Kumar J, Garg G, et al, Clin Chem Lab Med, 2009; 47(3): 334-8. (Address: Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India).
Summary:	In a study involving 816 subjects (368 with coronary artery disease and 448 controls) from a tertiary care center in New Delhi, India, levels of vitamin B12 were found to be significantly lower in patients with CAD, as compared to controls. Vegetarians were found to have significantly lower levels of vitamin B12 and a higher incidence of CAD. The authors note one interesting and unexpected finding - homocysteine levels were not found to be associated with CAD, while cysteine levels were. The authors state, "We believe that, when vitamin B12 is deficient, homocysteine is rapidly metabolized via the transsulfuration pathway leading to increased cysteine levels." These results suggest that low vitamin B12 levels may be linked to CAD. Additional research is needed to assess the impact of vitamin B12 supplementation in vegetarians on incidence of CAD.

Summary#	47417
Topic:	Beetroot Juice Intake May Improve Exercise Endurance
Keywords:	EXERCISE, ENDURANCE - Beetroot Juice, Dietary Nitrates
Reference:	"Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of low-intensity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans," Bailey SJ, Jones AM, et al, J Appl Physiol, 2009 Aug 6; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Exeter University. E-mail: a.m.jones@exeter.ac.uk ).
Summary:	In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study involving 8 men aged 19-38 years, results indicate that consumption of nitrate-rich beetroot juice may enhance exercise endurance. The participants were randomized to 500 mL per day of either beetroot juice (BR, containing 11.2 mM of nitrate) or a placebo juice (negligible nitrate content) for a period of 6 days, following which the interventions were crossed over for another 6 days. On the last 3 days of each intervention phase, the men completed a series of 'step' moderate-intensity and severe-intensity exercise tests. Dietary nitrate supplementation (beetroot juice) was associated with significantly greater plasma nitrite, significantly lower systolic blood pressure, and reduced muscle fractional O2 extraction, compared with placebo. Additionally, beetroot juice consumption was found to significantly reduce the O2 cost of moderate exercise and increase the time to task failure during severe exercise. Thu s, the authors of this study conclude, "The principal original finding of this investigation is that three days of dietary supplementation with nitrate-rich beetroot juice (which doubled the plasma nitrite) significantly reduced the O2 cost of cycling at a fixed sub-maximal work rate and increased the time to task failure during severe exercise."

Summary#	47409
Topic:	Vitamin B12 Deficiency Linked to Gestational Diabetes
Keywords:	GESTATIONAL DIABETES, PREGNANCY - Vitamin B12, Folate
Reference:	"Low plasma vitamin B(12) in pregnancy is associated with gestational 'diabesity' and later diabetes," Krishnaveni GV, Hill JC, et al, Diabetologia, 2009 Aug 26; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mandi Mohalla, Post Box 38, Mysore, 570021, India. E-mail: gv.krishnaveni@gmail.com ).
Summary:	In a study involving 785 women attending antenatal clinics in Mysore, India, low vitamin B12 concentrations (< 150 pmol/l) were found in 43% of subjects and low folate concentrations (< 7 nmol/l) were found in 4% of subjects. Women with low vitamin B12 status were found to have higher BMI, sum of skinfold thickness, insulin resistance, and a higher incidence of gestational diabetes (8.7% vs. 4.6%), with an OR of 2.1, after adjusting for BMI. At five years follow-up, having low vitamin B12 status during pregnancy was directly associated with skinfold thickness, insulin resistance, and diabetes prevalence, however, after excluding women with previous gestational diabetes, the association with diabetes became nonsignificant. Interestingly, among women with low vitamin B12 status, the incidence of gestational diabetes increased as folate concentration increased. The authors conclude, "Vitamin B(12) deficiency may be an important factor underlying the high risk of 'diabesity' in south Asian Indians."

Summary#	47412
Topic:	Supplementation with a Combination of Berberine, Red Yeast Rice and Policosanols May Benefit Patients with Hypercholesterolemia
Keywords:	HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE - Nutraceuticals, Berberine, Red Yeast Rice, Policosanols
Reference:	"Effects of a nutraceutical combination (berberine, red yeast rice and policosanols) on lipid levels and endothelial function randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study," Affuso F, Ruvolo A, et al, Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 2009 Aug 19; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunologic Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy. E-mail: fazio@unina.it ).
Summary:	In a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 50 patients with hypercholesterolemia (26 males, 24 females, mean age: 55 years, total cholesterol: 6.55 mmol/l, BMI: 28), daily supplementation with a nutraceutical combination (500 mg berberine, 200 mg red yeast rice, 10 mg policosanols) for a period of 6 weeks was found to significantly reduce cholesterol (-1.14 mmol/l), LDL cholesterol (-1.06), and flow mediated dilation (3%). After the 6 week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, an open-label extension of 4 weeks was conducted. After this 4-week phase, triglyceride levels significantly decreased (from 1.57 to 1.26 mmol/l) and insulin sensitivity improved among patients with insulin resistance at baseline (HOMA from 3.3 to 2.5). These results suggest that patients with elevated cholesterol may benefit from supplementation with a combination of berberine, red yeast rice, and policosanols.

Summary#	47414
Topic:	Acupuncture Effective in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Keywords:	IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME, ABDOMINAL PAIN, GAS, BLOATING, DIARRHEA, CONSTIPATION - Acupuncture, Chinese Medicine, Traditional East Asian Medicine
Reference:	"Symptom management for irritable bowel syndrome: a pilot randomized controlled trial of acupuncture/moxibustion," Anastasi JK, McMahon DJ, et al, Gastroenterol Nurs, 2009; 32(4): 243-55. (Address: Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY 10032, USA. E-mail: jka8@columbia.edu ).
Summary:	In a preliminary, randomized, sham/placebo-controlled trial involving 29 men and women with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), treatment with acupuncture and moxibustion, twice a week for a period of 4 weeks, was found to significantly improve symptoms of abdominal pain/discomfort, intestinal gas, bloating, and stool consistency. Subjects who received real acupuncture and moxibustion therapy were assessed by an acupuncturist according to the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and treated with an individualized acupuncture point prescription. The results of this study are promising, suggesting that acupuncture and moxibustion therapy may be an effective treatment for managing symptoms in patients with IBS.

Summary#	47419
Topic:	Children With Cirrhosis May Benefit From Zinc Supplementation
Keywords:	LIVER CIRRHOSIS - Zinc
Reference:	"Low plasma zinc concentrations in pediatric patients with cirrhosis," Schneider AC, da Silveira TR, et al, J Pediatr (Rio J), 2009; 85(4): 359-64. (Address: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil).
Summary:	In a study involving 30 children and adolescents with cirrhosis and 27 without liver disease, results indicate low plasma zinc concentrations in patients. Plasma zinc concentrations were assessed in the participants. The mean plasma zinc concentrations were significantly lower in patients compared with controls (105.69 microg/dL vs. 75.44 microg/dL). Additionally, the 43% of patients with cirrhosis showed hypozincemia. Thus, the authors of this study suggest, "zinc supplementation should be considered for cirrhotic children."

Summary#	47415
Topic:	Consumption of Grapefruit Juice May Benefit Liver Transplant Patients
Keywords:	LIVER TRANSPLANT - Grapefruit Juice, FK-506
Reference:	"Co-administration of grapefruit juice increases bioavailability of tacrolimus in liver transplant patients: a prospective study," Liu C, Lv Y, et al, Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 2009; 65(9): 881-5. (Address: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China).
Summary:	In a prospective study involving 30 liver transplant patients (1 month post-transplant) results indicate that consumption of grapefruit juice (GFJ) may improve bioavailability of tacrolimus (FK506). The patients were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: group1 was treated with the standard FK506-based immunosuppressant regimen only; groups 2 and 3 were treated with the standard FK506-based immunosuppressant regimen as well as one of two different kinds of GFJ, respectively. At 1-week end, blood concentration of FK-506 was significantly enhanced in both the GFJ supplemented groups, compared with the control group. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "In the setting of a controlled clinical study, the co-administration of GFJ with FK506 increased the bioavailability of FK506."

Summary#	47413
Topic:	Probiotics Reduce the Risk of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants
Keywords:	NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS, PRETERM INFANCY, PREGNANCY - Probiotics, Probiotic Bacteria
Reference:	"Probiotics Reduce the Risk of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: A Meta-Analysis," Alfaleh K, Anabrees J, et al, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 7805, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: kmfaleh@hotmail.com ).
Summary:	In a meta-analysis of studies evaluating the effects of probiotic supplementation in preterm infants (less than 37 weeks' gestational age and/or less than 2,500 g birth weight), nine studies which involved data from 1,425 infants met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Results of the meta-analysis found that enteral probiotic supplementation significantly reduced the incidence of severe necrotizing enterocolitis (typical RR=0.32), and mortality (typical RR=0.43). No significant reductions in nosocomial sepsis or days on total parenteral nutrition were found. The authors conclude, "A large randomized controlled trial is required to investigate the benefit and safety profile of probiotics supplementation in ELBW infants."

Summary#	47416
Topic:	Drinking Tart Cherry Juice May Reduce Oxidative Stress in Older Subjects
Keywords:	OXIDATIVE STRESS - Tart Cherry Juice
Reference:	"Tart Cherry Juice Decreases Oxidative Stress in Healthy Older Men and Women," Traustadóttir T, Harman SM, et al, J Nutr, 2009 Aug 19; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA).
Summary:	In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design study involving 12 subjects aged 61-75 years, results indicate that consumption of tart cherry juice may reduce oxidative stress. The subjects were randomized to tart cherry juice or placebo (240 mL twice daily) for 14 days; then, after a 4-week washout period, the interventions were crossed over for another 14 days. The capacity to resist oxidative damage was measured as the changes in plasma F(2)-isoprostane levels in response to forearm ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) before and after each treatment. Consumption of tart cherry juice was found to reduce the I/R-induced F(2)-isoprostane response and basal urinary excretion of oxidized nucleic acids (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-hydroxyguanosine). Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "These data suggest that consumption of tart cherry juice improves antioxidant defenses in vivo in older adults as shown by an increased capacity to constrain an oxidative c hallenge and reduced oxidative damage to nucleic acids."

Summary#	47420
Topic:	Fish Oil Supplementation May Benefit Offspring of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Keywords:	TYPE 2 DIABETES, INFLAMMATION - Fish Oil, Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, PUFA
Reference:	"Fish oil supplementation improves endothelial function in normoglycemic offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes," Rizza S, Lauro D, et al, Atherosclerosis, 2009 Mar 19; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Center for Atherosclerosis "Policlinico Tor Vergata" University Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Rome, Italy).
Summary:	In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 50 normoglycemic offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes, results indicate that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may improve endothelial function and reduce pro-inflammatory markers. The participants were randomized to supplementation with fish oil (omega-3 PUFAs; 2 g/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. At intervention end, subjects in the omega-3 supplemented group showed significant improvement in flow-mediated dilation (FMD; 9.1% vs. 11.7%), decrease in plasma triglycerides (117 mg/dL vs. 86 mg/dL), decrease in TNF-alpha levels, and a trend towards increase in plasma adiponectin levels, compared with baseline. No significant change was observed in the placebo group. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "Dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA significantly improved endothelial function and reduced pro-inflammatory markers in OPDs. Thus, fish oil consumption may have beneficial cardiovascular and metab olic health effects in otherwise healthy subjects predisposed to diabetes and its vascular complications."

Summary#	47421
Topic:	Dietary Intake of Beta-Carotene May Reduce Risk of Urothelial Cancer
Keywords:	UROTHELIAL CANCER - Diet, Beta-carotene
Reference:	"Micronutrient Intake and Risk of Urothelial Carcinoma in a Prospective Danish Cohort," Roswall N, Tjønneland A, et al, Eur Urol, 2009 Jun 26; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark).
Summary:	In a prospective study involving 55,557 men and women aged 50-64 years, results indicate that dietary intake of beta-carotene may exert a protective effect against urothelial cancer (UC). Diet and supplement intake data was collected using a detailed food frequency questionnaire. During a median of 10.6 yr of follow-up, 322 UC cases were diagnosed. Using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounders, dietary beta-carotene intake was associated with an 18% reduced risk of UC and total beta-carotene intake was associated with a 15% reduced risk of UC. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "We found a protective effect of dietary, but not supplemental, beta-carotene on UC, but further studies are required."

Summary#	47035
Topic:	Eating Broccoli Sprouts May Protect Against Respiratory Inflammation
Keywords:	ASTHMA, OXIDATIVE STRESS, RESPIRATORY INFLAMMATION - Broccoli Sprouts, Sulforaphane
Reference:	"Oral sulforaphane increases Phase II antioxidant enzymes in the human upper airway," Riedl MA, Saxon A, et al, Clin Immunol, 2009; 130(3): 244-51. (Address: The Hart and Louis Laboratory, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. E-mail: mriedl@mednet.ucla.edu ).
Summary:	In a randomized, placebo-controlled study involving 65 subjects, results indicate that consumption of sulforaphane-containing broccoli sprouts may increase Phase II antioxidant enzymes in the upper airway, which may in turn reduce the inflammatory effects of oxidative stress. The subjects consumed varying amounts of broccoli sprouts (max = 200g) or alfalfa sprouts (placebo). RNA expression for selected Phase II enzymes was measured in nasal lavage cells at baseline and intervention end. A dose-dependent increase in Phase II enzyme expression was observed in the broccoli sprouts group alone. Thus, the authors conclude, "This study demonstrates the potential of antioxidant Phase II enzymes induction in the human airway as a strategy to reduce the inflammatory effects of oxidative stress."

Summary#	47037
Topic:	Intake of Phytosterol Glycosides May Reduce Cholesterol Absorption
Keywords:	CHOLESTEROL - Phytosterols, Phytosterol Glycosides, Diet, Cholesterol Absorption
Reference:	"Phytosterol Glycosides Reduce Cholesterol Absorption in Humans," Lin X, Ostlund Jr RE, et al, Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2009 Feb 26; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Washington University School of Medicine, USA. E-mail: ROstlund@dom.wustl.edu ).
Summary:	In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design study involving 11 healthy subjects, results indicate that intake of phytosterol glycosides (extracted and purified from soy lecithin) may reduce cholesterol absorption. Using a crossover design, the subjects received 300 mg of phytosterols in the form of phytosterol glycosides or phytosterol esters, or placebo in a series of 3 single-meal tests (breakfast containing 30 mg cholesterol-d7) given at intervals of 2 weeks. Compared with placebo, phytosterol glycoside supplementation was associated with a 37.6% reduced cholesterol absorption, and phytosterol esters supplementation was associated with a 30.6% reduced cholesterol absorption. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "These results suggest that natural phytosterol glycosides purified from lecithin are bioactive in humans and should be included in methods of phytosterol analysis and tables of food phytosterol content."

Summary#	47047
Topic:	Vitamin D May Help Reduce Cholesterol in Patients Taking Atorvastatin
Keywords:	CHOLESTEROL, HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE - Vitamin D, Atorvastatin, Statin
Reference:	"Effects of vitamin D supplementation in atorvastatin-treated patients: a new drug interaction with an unexpected consequence," Schwartz JB, Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2009; 85(2): 198-203. (Address: Department of Research, The Jewish Home of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. E-mail: Janice.schwartz@ucsf.edu ).
Summary:	In a study involving 16 patients (8 women, 8 men), on average 63 years of age, taking vitamin D (800 IU/d) along with the cholesterol-lowering statin drug, atorvastatin (45 mg/d) for a period of 6 weeks was found to reduce atorvastatin and active metabolite concentrations as well as LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol concentrations, as compared to placebo. In addition, supplementation with vitamin D was found to increase vitamin D-25-OH metabolites without increasing 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D. These results suggest that in patients taking atorvastatin, supplementing with vitamin D may help to further reduce LDL and total cholesterol levels, while reducing atorvastatin and active metabolite concentrations.

Summary#	47044
Topic:	Vitamin D and Calcium May Reduce the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Colorectal Adenoma
Keywords:	COLORECTAL CANCER, COLORECTAL ADENOMA - Vitamin D, Vitamin D(3), Calcium
Reference:	"Effects of vitamin d and calcium supplementation on markers of apoptosis in normal colon mucosa: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial," Fedirko V, Bostick RM, et al, Cancer Prev Res (Phila Pa), 2009; 2(3): 213-23. (Address: Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. E-mail: rmbosti@sph.emory.edu ).
Summary:	In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study involving 92 men and women with at least one colorectal adenoma, supplementation with calcium and vitamin D (individually and in combination) was found to enhance apoptosis in the normal human colorectal epithelium. For a period of 6 months, subjects received: 2.0 g/d calcium, 800 IU/d vitamin D(3), the combination of the two supplements, or a placebo. After 6 months, results found a 56% increase in the expression of Bax (an apoptosis promoter) among subjects supplemented with vitamin D(3) and a 33% increase among subjects supplemented with calcium or calcium + vitamin D(3), as compared to placebo. The strongest effects were found with vitamin D(3) treatment in the upper 40%, or differentiated zone of colorectal crypts. These results suggest that both vitamin D(3) and calcium may help to prevent colorectal cancer.

Summary#	47046
Topic:	Long Term Tea Intake Linked to Lower Prevalence of Diabetes
Keywords:	DIABETES MELLITUS, DIABETES TYPE 2 - Tea Intake
Reference:	"Long-term tea intake is associated with reduced prevalence of (type 2) diabetes mellitus among elderly people from Mediterranean islands: MEDIS epidemiological study," Panagiotakos DB, Lionis C, et al, Yonsei Med J, 2009; 50(1): 31-8. (Address: Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece. E-mail: dbpanag@hua.gr ).
Summary:	In a study involving 1,040 elderly subjects from various Mediterranean islands, consumption of tea was found to be associated with lower fasting blood glucose levels and a lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes. 54% of subjects reported consuming tea at least once/week (mean intake: 1.6 cups/d), with 98% reporting consumption of black or green tea, and most reporting consumption for at least 30 years. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, moderate tea consumption (1-2 cups/d) was associated with a 70% reduced odds of type 2 diabetes. These results indicate that long-term moderate consumption of green or black tea may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Summary#	47041
Topic:	Calcium Intake May Help Prevent Vertebral Fractures in Women
Keywords:	FRACTURES, BONE HEALTH, MENOPAUSE - Calcium, Mineral
Reference:	"Calcium intake and the 10-year incidence of self-reported vertebral fractures in women and men: the Japan Public Health Centre-based Prospective Study," Nakamura K, Kurahashi N, et al, Br J Nutr, 2009; 101(2): 285-94. (Address: Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata 951-8510, Japan. E-mail: kazun@med.niigata-u.ac.jp ).
Summary:	In a study involving data collected from 75,634 subjects (40-69 years of age), lower intake of calcium was found to be associated with a higher incidence of vertebral fractures in women. Women in the lowest quartile of calcium intake were found to have a RR of 2.10 for vertebral fractures, as compared to women in the highest quartile of calcium intake. When the RR was calculated using energy-adjusted calcium intake, the RR was still significantly high (1.92) for women in the lowest quartile of calcium intake. No association between calcium intake and vertebral fracture was found in men. The authors conclude, "An increase of Ca intake should be considered as a preventive strategy for vertebral fractures in peri- and post-menopausal women with a low Ca intake."

Summary#	47040
Topic:	Infant Formula Supplemented With Prebiotics May Reduce Intestinal And Respiratory Infections
Keywords:	INFECTIONS, INFANCY - Prebiotics, Fructo-oligosaccharides, Galacto-oligosaccharides
Reference:	"A formula containing galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides prevents intestinal and extra-intestinal infections: An observational study," Bruzzese E, Guarino A, et al, Clin Nutr, 2009 Feb 19; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy).
Summary:	In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, open study involving 342 infants (mean age = 53.7 days), results indicate that supplementation of infant formula with prebiotics may reduce intestinal and respiratory infections in the first year. The infants were randomized to formula supplemented with a mixture of galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides, or control formula for 12 months. The incidence of gastroenteritis was observed to be lower in the prebiotics-supplemented group. Additionally, the number of infants with multiple antibiotic courses was lower in the prebiotic group, compared with the placebo group. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "Prebiotic administration reduce intestinal and, possibly, respiratory infections in healthy infants during the first year of age."

Summary#	47045
Topic:	Daily Consumption of Green or Black Tea May Prevent the Onset of Ischemic Stroke
Keywords:	ISCHEMIC STROKE, CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT - Green Tea, Black Tea
Reference:	"Green and Black Tea Consumption and Risk of Stroke. A Meta-Analysis," Arab L, Liu W, Elashoff D, Stroke, 2009 Feb 19; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: UCLA School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. E-mail: Larab@ucla.edu ).
Summary:	In a meta-analysis involving data from 9 studies involving 4,378 strokes (among 194,965 individuals), subjects consuming 3 or more cups of green or black tea per day were found to have a 21% lower risk of stroke, compared to those consuming <1 cup per day (absolute risk reduction=0.79) The reviewers conclude, "Although a randomized clinical trial would be necessary to confirm the effect, this meta-analysis suggests that daily consumption of either green or black tea equaling 3 cups per day could prevent the onset of ischemic stroke."

Summary#	47043
Topic:	Green Tea Consumption May Reduce the Risk of Lung Cancer
Keywords:	LUNG CANCER - Green Tea
Reference:	"Green tea, black tea consumption and risk of lung cancer: A meta-analysis," Tang N, Wu Y, et al, Lung Cancer, 2009 Jan 5; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: National Shanghai Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China. E-mail: napping.tang@gmail.com ).
Summary:	In a meta-analysis involving 22 studies investigating the associations between consumption of green tea and black tea and risk of lung cancer, an increase in green tea consumption of two cups per day was found to be associated with an 18% reduced risk of lung cancer (RR=0.82), and the highest green tea consumption was associated with a reduced risk (RR=0.78) of lung cancer. While black tea consumption was also associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer, the association was not significant (RR=0.86; increase of 2 cups/day, RR=0.82). These results suggest that regular consumption of green tea may help reduce the risk of lung cancer.

Summary#	47049
Topic:	Higher Folic Acid Dose Recommended
Keywords:	NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS, PREGNANCY - Folic Acid
Reference:	"Steady state folate concentrations achieved with 5 compared with 1.1 mg folic acid supplementation among women of childbearing age," Nguyen P, Tam C, et al, Am J Clin Nutr, 2009; 89(3): 844-52. (Address: G. Koren, The Motherisk Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. E-mail: gideon.koren@sickkids.ca ).
Summary:	In a study involving 40 non-pregnant women of childbearing age (between 18 and 45 years), supplementation with 5 mg/d folic acid was found to produce higher blood folate concentrations (2339 nmol/L) than supplementation with 1.1 mg/d folic acid (1625 nmol/L), after 4, 6, 12, and 30 weeks of supplementation. The authors conclude, "The use of 5 mg folic acid among women of childbearing age produced higher blood folate concentrations, with a faster rate of folate accumulation, compared with 1.1 mg folic acid."

Summary#	47036
Topic:	Poor Maternal Vitamin B12 Status Significantly Increases Risk of Neural Tube Defects in Offspring
Keywords:	PREGNANCY, NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS - Vitamin B12, Folic Acid
Reference:	"Maternal vitamin B12 status and risk of neural tube defects in a population with high neural tube defect prevalence and no folic Acid fortification," Molloy AM, Mills JL, et al, Pediatrics, 2009; 123(3): 917-23. (Address: Schools of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, School of Medicine, Dublin 2, Ireland. E-mail: amolloy@tcd.ie ).
Summary:	In a study involving 171 women with neural tube defect-affected pregnancy, 107 pregnant women with previous neural tube defect birth, and matched controls, with no folic acid fortification, results indicate a significantly increased risk for neural tube defects associated with inadequate or deficient maternal vitamin B12 status. Blood samples were collected from the women at an average of 15 weeks' gestation. The lowest quartile of maternal vitamin B12 status was associated with a 2-3 fold increased risk of neural tube defects in offspring (maternal vitamin B12 concentrations < 250 ng/L were associated with the highest risk). Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "Deficient or inadequate maternal vitamin B(12) status is associated with a significantly increased risk for neural tube defects. We suggest that women have vitamin B(12) levels of >300 ng/L (221 pmol/L) before becoming pregnant."

Summary#	47042
Topic:	Alpha-lipoic Acid, Oxidative Stress, and Sickle Cell Disease
Keywords:	SICKLE CELL DISEASE - Alpha-Lipoic Acid, ALA
Reference:	"Alpha-lipoic acid modifies oxidative stress parameters in sickle cell trait subjects and sickle cell patients," Martins VD, Manfredini V, et al, Clin Nutr, 2009 Feb 19; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43431, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil. E-mail: mara.benfato@ufrgs.br ).
Summary:	In a placebo-controlled study involving 60 subjects with different hemoglobin profiles (AA=normal; AS=sickle cell disease trait; SS=sickle cell disease patient), treatment with alpha-lipoic acid (200 mg) for a period of 3 months was found to significantly increase catalase activity in the AS group and reduce glutathione peroxidase activities in all the groups. In addition, subjects in the AA group showed significant reductions in levels of malondialdehyde and carbonyl. These results suggest that treatment with alpha-lipoic acid may protect ".AA subjects from oxidative damage to lipids and proteins" while the dose of ALA used in this study was "not effective to prevent oxidative damage" in SCD subjects.

Summary#	47048
Topic:	Zinc and Selenium Status in Vegetarians
Keywords:	VEGETARIANS, NUTRITIONAL STATUS - Minerals, Zinc, Selenium
Reference:	"Zinc and selenium nutritional status in vegetarians," de Bortoli MC, Cozzolino SM, Biol Trace Elem Res, 2009; 127(3): 228-33. (Address: PRONUT (Program of Applied Human Nutrition)-FSP/FCF/FEA, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. E-mail: mbortoli@usp.br ).
Summary:	In a cross-sectional study involving 30 male and female vegetarians (27 years of age, 4.5 years of vegetarianism) with a mean BMI of 21.5, zinc concentration in erythrocytes was found to be deficient (37 microg/gHb) among both male and female vegetarians. On the other hand, concentrations of selenium in plasma and erythrocytes were found to be adequate. The authors conclude, ".vegetarians should be constantly assessed and receive nutritional support to reduce the effects of inadequate zinc status."

Summary#	47039
Topic:	Lutein Supplementation May Benefit Individuals With Long-Term Computer Display Light Exposure
Keywords:	VISION - Lutein, Computer Monitor
Reference:	"A 12-week lutein supplementation improves visual function in Chinese people with long-term computer display light exposure," Ma L, Lin XM, et al, British J of Nutr, 2009 Feb 19; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, P. R. China. E-mail: linbjmu@bjmu.edu.cn ).
Summary:	In a randomized, placebo-controlled study involving 37 healthy subjects with long-term computer display light exposure, aged 22 to 30 years, results indicate supplementation with lutein may improve visual function. The subjects were randomized to 1 of 3 groups for 12 weeks: 1) (n=12) received 6 mg lutein daily; 2) (n=12) received 12 mg lutein daily; 3) received placebo. At intervention end, a trend towards increase in visual acuity was observed in group 2. Additionally, contrast sensitivity increased in the lutein-supplemented groups. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "Visual function in healthy subjects who received the lutein supplement improved, especially in contrast sensitivity, suggesting that a higher intake of lutein may have beneficial effects on the visual performance."

Summary#	47038
Topic:	Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation May Improve Fat Mass Loss in Women With Very Low Calcium Intake
Keywords:	WEIGHT LOSS, OBESITY, OVERWEIGHT - Calcium, Vitamin D, Weight Loss Program, Weight Reducing Program
Reference:	"Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and fat mass loss in female very low-calcium consumers: potential link with a calcium-specific appetite control," Major GC, Tremblay A, et al, British J of Nutr, 2009; 101(5): 659-663. (Address: Division of Kinesiology, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada. E-mail: angelo.tremblay@kin.msp.ulaval.ca ).
Summary:	In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 63 obese or overweight women (mean age = 43 years; mean BMI = 32) participating in a weight-reducing program, results indicate that calcium and vitamin D supplementation may reduce fat mass in women with very low daily calcium intake. The women received supplementation with 600 mg elemental calcium and 5 microg vitamin D (twice a day) or placebo, for 15 weeks, while undergoing a weight-reducing program. In very low calcium consumers (initial calcium intake <= 600 mg/d), calcium + vitamin D supplementation was associated with a significant decrease in body weight and fat mass, along with a decrease in spontaneous dietary lipid intake. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, "During the weight-reducing programme, a calcium+D supplementation was necessary in female overweight/obese very low-calcium consumers to reach significant fat mass loss that seemed to be partly explained by a decrease in lipid intake. We propose that this change in lipid intake could be influenced by a calcium-specific appetite control."